[citation needed], When Chicago was incorporated in 1837, it chose the motto Urbs in Horto, a Latin phrase which means "City in a Garden". From 1928 to 1933, the city witnessed a tax revolt, and the city was unable to meet payroll or provide relief efforts. RELIGION CENSUS FINDINGS, VIEW THE 2010 MAJORU.S. Chicago is home to. Theatre-goers can choose from thousands of performances annually, featuring everything from Shakespeare to variety, in many languages. Chicago city, Illinois. Chicago has a large Irish American population, with many still residing on the South Side. Washington's first term in office directed attention to poor and previously neglected minority neighborhoods. Among these are Chagall's Four Seasons; the Chicago Picasso; Miro's Chicago; Calder's Flamingo; Oldenburg's Batcolumn; Moore's Large Interior Form, 1953-54, Man Enters the Cosmos and Nuclear Energy; Dubuffet's Monument with Standing Beast, Abakanowicz's Agora; and, Anish Kapoor's Cloud Gate which has become an icon of the city. The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The unique sounds born in Chicago continue to resonate around the world. [229], The Willis Tower (formerly named Sears Tower) is a popular destination for tourists. Households with a computer, percent, 2017-2021. They come to see the nations oldest zoo to explore exotic plants at the grand Victorian glass conservatory, enjoy plays at the outdoor theater, row along the canal, stroll through the North Pond Nature Sanctuary and Butterfly conservatory, picnic on the playing fields, and frolic on North Avenue Beach. The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace. [79] The theme of the fair was technological innovation over the century since Chicago's founding. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Spring 2016 Campus Climate Survey: Religion 5 Table 2: Religious Identity Groupings Use in Report Status Category Students Academics Staff Religious Affiliation Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Atheist 587 14% 163 16% 228 8% Christian 1,070 25% 214 21% 1,154 38% Jewish 238 6% 94 9% 87 3% Muslim 73 2% 6 1% 20 1% [30], The city saw an increase of 20,606 people from July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008, according to census data. political party by metro area. Chicago is the center of the Palestinian and Jordanian immigrant communities in the United States,[28][29] and additionally has a large Assyrian population. 35.2%. Chicago has also been the home of several prominent talk shows, including The Oprah Winfrey Show, Steve Harvey Show, The Rosie Show, The Jerry Springer Show, The Phil Donahue Show, The Jenny Jones Show, and more. [61] Programs that were developed there became a model for the new field of social work. Soldier Field re-opened in 2003 after an extensive renovation. Polish language productions for Chicago's large Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park. [350] The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's third-largest airline. [269] A number of Chicago neighborhoods emerged along these roadways in the 19th century. Chicago is home to NetherRealm Studios, the developers of the Mortal Kombat series. Experience Chicagos most notable music festivals including the Chicago Blues Festival, the Chicago Jazz Festival, Lollapalooza, Pitchfork Music Festival and Riot Fest. Were also the home of renowned artists including Louis Armstrong, Jennifer Hudson, Earth, Wind and Fire, Chance the Rapper, Common Smashing Pumpkins, Rise Against,Muddy Waters, and Kanye West. Anarchist and socialist groups played prominent roles in creating very large and highly organized labor actions. The term "midway" for a fair or carnival referred originally to the Midway Plaisance, a strip of park land that still runs through the University of Chicago campus and connects the Washington and Jackson Parks. The racial makeup of the city in 2010 was 45.3% white and within that 45.3%, 12.9% identify as having Hispanic ancestry (31.7% non-Hispanic white), 32% black, 5% Asian, and 3% from two or more races. City laws and later, state laws that upgraded standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever were both passed and enforced. [119] Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and densest. In July 2013, the bicycle-sharing system Divvy was launched with 750 bikes and 75 docking stations[336] It is operated by Lyft for the Chicago Department of Transportation. [304] According to the Chicago Police Department, carjackers are using face masks that are widely worn due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic to effectively blend in with the public and conceal their identity. The ceiling of its Preston Bradley Hall includes a 38-foot (12m) Tiffany glass dome. [303], Chicago began experiencing a massive surge in carjackings after 2019, and at least 1,415 such crimes took place in the city in 2020. All eight of the city's representatives are Democrats; only two Republicans have represented a significant portion of the city since 1973, for one term each: Robert P. Hanrahan from 1973 to 1975, and Michael Patrick Flanagan from 1995 to 1997. 2 city", "COMPARATIVE DEMOGRAPHIC ESTIMATES 2019 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates Chicago", "Census: Hispanics surpass blacks as Chicago's 2nd-largest racial group", CBS News: "Hispanic Population Surges In Chicago, New Census Data Shows" By Jeremy Ross, "Illinois Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990", "2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171)", "Healthy Chicago databook: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual & Transgender Health", "San Francisco Metro Area Ranks Highest in LGBT Percentage", "The Metro Areas With the Largest, and Smallest, Gay Populations", "Same-sex marriage licenses could hit 10,000 in Cook County this summer", "10,000th same-sex couple issued marriage license in Cook County", "Selected Economic Characteristics: 20082012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates: Chicago city, Illinois", "These are the cities with the most ultra-rich people", "Community Facts: First Ancestry Reported, Chicago city, Illinois", Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles, "Table 6 Fifteen Largest PC(USA) Congregations Based on Membership Size, 2014", "2020 Metropolitan Chicago Jewish Population Study", "Gross Domestic Product by Metropolitan Area, 2016", "Moody's: Chicago's Economy Most Balanced in US (January 23, 2003)", London named world's top business center by MasterCard, "Washington area richest, most educated in US: report", "World's richest cities by purchasing power", "The ten largest US central business districts | Modern Cities", "JPMorgan History | The History of Our Firm", "Chicago Area Employment February 2018", "Chicago Named Nation's Top Metro Area for Corporate Relocation For the Sixth Straight Year", "Chicago's Fortune 500 headquarters are shrinking", "Why You Should Start a Company in Chicago", "Ken Griffin's Citadel ditches Chicago for Miami following crime complaints", "Ken Griffin's Citadel Move Is 'Punch in the Gut' for Chicago", "Big Companies Keep Leaving Chicago: What's Going On? While Christians make up between 65% and 75% of adults in most of those metro areas - and people with no religious affiliation generally make up roughly 20-25% of the population - some cities stand out for a variety of reasons. ), Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. Rauch established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866. Over the years neighborhoods have seen gradual ethnic change with White ethnic neighborhoods like Brighton Park transitioning to Hispanic, while former Latino neighborhoods like West Town transition to majority non-Hispanic White. [296] but shot up to 506 in 2012. The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed. Two of the city's largest parks are also located on this side of the city: Jackson Park, bordering the waterfront, hosted the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and is the site of the aforementioned museum; and slightly west sits Washington Park. Amtrak long distance and commuter rail services originate from Union Station. [285] In June 2017, the Chicago Police Department and the Federal ATF announced a new task force, similar to past task forces, to address the flow of illegal guns and repeat offenses with guns. The median income for a household in the city was $38,625, and the median income for a family was $42,724. Around two-thirds of the area's 8 million inhabitants are Christians, who read the Bible, according to National Conference for Community and Justice figures. [137][138][139], Spring and autumn are mild, short seasons, typically with low humidity. In 2019, the team announced a move back to Soldier Field. Chicago has a sizeable Romanian American community,[13] As of 2018[update], the Lithuanian population is over 100,000 and was formerly over 300,000; the world's oldest continuously published Lithuanian-language newspaper Draugus is based in Chicago. They have won three World Series titles (1906, 1917, 2005) and six American League pennants, including the first in 1901. Ansari, Azadeh and Rosa Flores (January 2, 2017). Nearly one-in-ten New Yorkers (8%) are Jewish, 3% are Muslim and another 3% are Hindu. PRRI has been collecting and aggregating data on religious diversity in America continuously since 2013. political ideology by metro area, Learn More: political ideology, Conservative, Moderate, Liberal, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who would rather have, Compare: For questions about participation in the 2020 U.S. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archaeological artifacts. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. [181][177] A 2020 study estimated the total Jewish population of the Chicago metropolitan area, both religious and irreligious, at 319,600. Domestic and industrial waste was once incinerated but it is now landfilled, mainly in the Calumet area. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. Narrative fiction of that time, much of it in the style of "high-flown romance" and "genteel realism", needed a new approach to describe the urban social, political, and economic conditions of Chicago. Home to more than 200 professional dance companies including the Joffrey Ballet and Hubbard Street Dance Chicago, Chicago delivers a packed calendar of performances on downtown stages and in neighborhood venues and parks. Police and political pressure caused the organization to disband. Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. Among the 17 largest metropolitan areas, New Yorks Jewish share is matched only by Miami (9%). views about size of government by metro area, Learn More: views about size of government, Smaller government; fewer services, Bigger government; more services, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say government aid to the poor, Compare: [67] This system for telling time spread throughout the continent. If treated as a separate category, Hispanics are the largest minority group in Chicago, Illinois. [338], In May 2019, The City of Chicago announced its Chicago's Electric Shared Scooter Pilot Program, scheduled to run from June 15 to October 15. The Blackhawks have won six Stanley Cups, including in 2010, 2013, and 2015. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second-busiest by total passenger traffic. frequency of meditation by metro area, Learn More: frequency of meditation, At least once a week, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing, Compare: The Maxwell Street Polish is a grilled or deep-fried kielbasaon a hot dog roll, topped with grilled onions, yellow mustard, and hot sport peppers. . Of the remaining third, around 1. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United Statesabout $670.5billion according to September 2017 estimates. A $95 million conversion of a former rail line to a 2.7-mile elevated park that extends through four vibrant, Chicago neighborhoods. The 6-mile (9.7km) long Burnham Park stretches along the waterfront of the South Side. [100], When Chicago was founded in 1837, most of the early building was around the mouth of the Chicago River, as can be seen on a map of the city's original 58 blocks. During its first century as a city, Chicago grew at a rate that ranked among the fastest growing in the world. Well-known chefs who have had restaurants in Chicago include: Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. In the 1840s, Chicago became a major grain port, and in the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry expanded. Map Chicago city, Illinois United States Chart View . [315], Chicago has a network of Lutheran schools,[316] and several private schools are run by other denominations and faiths, such as the Ida Crown Jewish Academy in West Ridge. Although their numbers dropped because of reduced emigration from Germany and because World War I had made it unpopular to acknowledge one's German heritage, 22 percent of Chicago's population still did so in 1920. [253], Sporting News named Chicago the "Best Sports City" in the United States in 1993, 2006, and 2010. It reports the number of congregations in every U.S. county and equivalents for participating faith groups. [42] The Chicago Board of Trade (established 1848) listed the first-ever standardized "exchange-traded" forward contracts, which were called futures contracts.[43]. Chicago's Italian community has historically been based along the Taylor Street and Grand Avenue corridors on the West Side of the city. interpretation of scripture by metro area, Learn More: interpreting scripture, Word of God; should be taken literally, Word of God; not everything taken literally, Not the word of God, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who in heaven, Compare: As the old saying went, "A Lithuanian wont vote for a Pole, and a Pole wont vote for a Lithuanian. For questions about participation in the 2020 U.S. [339] The program started on June 15 with 10 different scooter companies, including scooter sharing market leaders Bird, Jump, Lime and Lyft. Broadway In Chicago offers Broadway-style entertainment at five theaters: the Nederlander Theatre, CIBC Theatre, Cadillac Palace Theatre, Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University, and Broadway Playhouse at Water Tower Place. [264], Chicago has also entered into esports with the creation of the Chicago Huntsmen, a professional Call of Duty team that participates within the CDL. [citation needed], The West Side holds the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest collections of tropical plants in any U.S. city. . This project began with the construction and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and was completed with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal that connects to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River. Only Catholic cathedral in Chicago and seat of the Archdiocese of Chicago. Chicago averaged 1.12 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8.[333]. Affordability, top notch crew and talent, and state-of-the-art facilities and vendors have made Chicago a hotbed for film and television dating back to The Blues Brother. [54][55] During its rebuilding period, Chicago constructed the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel-skeleton construction.[56][57]. RELIGIOUS GROUPINGS, Continues decennial series started in 1952, Provides data on specific religious bodies, from the Amish to Zoroastrians, Differentiates among specific bodies within same tradition, Features the only county-level data on U.S. religious adherence, Congregations - the gatheringof persons who meet together regularly for worship, Members - persons with communicant, confirmed, or full membership status, Adherents - members, their children, and the estimated number of other participants who are not considered members, Average weekly attendance - all those who participate in weeklyservices, Participate in the 2030 U.S. The Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito is a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. Many of the city's financial institutions, such as the CBOT and the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block area of city streets that is encircled by elevated rail tracks. Chicago has 28 sister cities around the world. Because of this, ComEd reports indicate that Chicago receives about 75% of its electricity from nuclear power. [citation needed], Other live-music genre which are part of the city's cultural heritage include Chicago blues, Chicago soul, jazz, and gospel. [65][66] In 1883, Chicago's railway managers needed a general time convention, so they developed the standardized system of North American time zones. [32][33][34], On August 12, 1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. [225] These visitors contributed more than US$13.7 billion to Chicago's economy. By 1930 450 families of Volga German heritage were living in the Jefferson Park area, most of whom originated from Wiesenseite. More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. [96] All three city-wide elective offices were held by women (and women of color) for the first time in Chicago history: in addition to Lightfoot, the City Clerk was Anna Valencia and City Treasurer, Melissa Conyears-Ervin. Segments that link to the city center are named after influential politicians, with three of them named after former U.S.Presidents (Eisenhower, Kennedy, and Reagan) and one named after two-time Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson. [224], In 2014[update], Chicago attracted 50.17million domestic leisure travelers, 11.09million domestic business travelers and 1.308million overseas visitors. religious attendance by metro area, Learn More: attendance at religious services, At least once a week, Once or twice a month/a few times a year, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who pray, Compare: Dutch Wheels, a world renowned company that manufactures ferris wheels, was selected to design the new wheel. [226] Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. Because of the dominance of the Democratic Party in Chicago, the Democratic primary vote held in the spring is generally more significant than the general elections in November for U.S. House and Illinois State seats. sources of guidance on right and wrong by metro area, Learn More: sources of guidance on right and wrong, Religion, Philosophy/reason, Common sense, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say, Compare: [11] Note: Further details on the religious makeup of cities (as well as states) are available at our interactive website on the 2014 Religious Landscape Study. The normal winter high from December through March is about 36F (2C). As of the 2010 Census, 578,100 residents of the City of Chicago, had full or partial Mexican origins.[7]. Former CW affiliate WGN-TV 9, which was owned from its inception by Tribune Broadcasting (now owned by the Nexstar Media Group since 2019), is carried with some programming differences, as "WGN America" on cable and satellite TV nationwide and in parts of the Caribbean. The Irish were able to assert themselves in politics due to their large population but also the fact that they knew English and that thanks to the geographic position of Ireland on the periphery of Europe they did not have ancestral ethnic rivalries. He was reelected in 1987 but died of a heart attack soon after. [21] After the Great Chicago Fire, many Swedish carpenters helped to rebuild the city, which led to the saying "the Swedes built Chicago. [124] Presently, the four tallest buildings in the city are Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower, also a building with its own zip code), Trump International Hotel and Tower, the Aon Center (previously the Standard Oil Building), and the John Hancock Center. [110] The South Side is the largest section of the city, encompassing roughly 60% of the city's land area. ", "As feds help Chicago on guns, Trump aide says city's crime more about 'morality', "Heroin Pushed on Chicago by Cartel Fueling Gang Murders", "Probing Ties Between Mexican Cartel And Chicago's Violence", "Rahm Emanuel's performance as Chicago mayor", "Chicago's Murder Rate Double American Soldiers Killed in Iraq", "Illinois: Offenses Known to Law Enforcement, Table 8", "Chicago homicides in 2010 fell to lowest level since 1965", "Crime in the United States 2011 ('Metropolitan Statistical Area')", "Police: Chicago Reports 415 Murders In 2013, Lowest Since 1965", "Chicago's 2014 murder total on track for another low, but shootings rise", "Chicago homicide rate compared: Most big cities don't recover from spikes right away", "Chicago Killings Cost $2.5 Billion as Murders Top N.Y.'s", Carjackings more than double in Chicago during 2020, police say, perhaps as criminals blended in with masked public, Chicago Mayor Lori Lightfoot says spike in carjackings 'top of mind,' adding 40 more police officers to carjacking unit and gathering regional mayors, "Appeals panel: IL governments can pare back retiree health coverage, if benefits included 'expiration date', "Chicago Public Schools: Selective enrollment", "These Are the Best High Schools in Illinois", "6 CPS High Schools Rank Among Top 10 in Illinois", "Lane Tech College Prep The School of Champions", "Chicago, Illinois Colleges and Universities", "Nielsen Media 20092010 Local Market Estimates", "Window to The World Communications presents WYCC MHz Worldview beginning April 23, 2018 | WTTW Chicago", "Shakey Ground: Arts Magazines Find Chicago's Landscape Still Hostile To New Ventures", "Chicago Daily News II: This Time It's Digital", "The Onion celebrates controversial Chicago move with banjo playing, steak tartare", "Where was Justice League filmed? [108] The three sides of the city are represented on the Flag of Chicago by three horizontal white stripes. Behind the pavilion's stage is the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, an indoor venue for mid-sized performing arts companies, including the Chicago Opera Theater and Music of the Baroque. The demographics of Chicago is 45% white.The second largest group of people were the African Americans who made up 32.9% of the total population of Chicago. In a normal summer, temperatures reach at least 90F (32C) on as many as 23days, with lakefront locations staying cooler when winds blow off the lake. In the 1980s and 90s, the city was the global center for house and industrial music, two forms of music created in Chicago, as well as being popular for alternative rock, punk, and new wave. [109] The North Side is the most-densely-populated residential section of the city, and many high-rises are located on this side of the city along the lakefront. The DW60 stands at approximately 196ft (60m), which is 46 feet (14m) taller than the previous wheel. Chicago's demographics show that it is a large, and ethnically and culturally diverse metropolis. [302] Jens Ludwig, director of the University of Chicago Crime Lab, estimated that shootings cost the city of Chicago $2.5billion in 2012. [192] The city is the seat of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, the Bank's Seventh District. 23,915. Parts of this were built, but it was never completed. "Chicagoan" redirects here. [158][159] To these ethnic groups, the basis of the city's industrial working class, were added an additional influx of African Americans from the American Southwith Chicago's black population doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930. It also contains the University of Chicago, ranked one of the world's top ten universities,[218] and the Museum of Science and Industry. The region is prone to severe thunderstorms during the spring and summer which can produce large hail, damaging winds, and occasionally tornadoes. The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). [268] The building of the boulevard system continued intermittently until 1942.