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60% of our participants worked at universities, 28% at independent institutes, 10% at applied universities, and only 2% at other forms of institutions; hence, when analyzing the organizational dimension, we focused on the three largest types of organizations. Female researchers are more interested in supporting minorities (41%) than male researchers (25%). The findings further suggest that, where applicable, organizational factors (e.g., institutional investments in transfer, training offerings, support infrastructures) should be more strongly incorporated into assessments of societal impactfor example. Most of the results are presented as bivariate distributions that cross-tabulate the three dimensions from our conceptual framework with our research questions. For example, if economic and technical impact were the sole basis for assessing societal impact, social sciences and humanities scholars would be discriminated against [6, 63]. Challenges today cut across the traditional boundaries of disciplines and stretch across the lifecycle of innovation -- from research to knowledge development and its application. Get in touch with your inner creative with our downloadable resources. Another impact of technology on education is that it has significantly changed how learning content is delivered. Students are always looking for inspiring presentation topics for their academic assignments because employers look for people who have exc 0000067689 00000 n All Published Paper Digital Li p|>0LAe'D)K#9l ;s*2iaO#=I!G7`7cfwO`OO`{(?eq}s+Ou0jW The survey was part of a BMBF-funded research project addressing the question of societal impact and its measurability in the social sciences and humanities (https://www.wihoforschung.de/de/impaqt-2631.php). Only 15% of respondents from the humanities are convinced that their institutional communication departments are reaching relevant stakeholders in society, compared to 30% of natural scientists and 31% of social scientists. Think you'll never have to ask for help? Reliable and highly-qualified medical professional with more than 18 years of experience in Health Care, both as a physician and manager of health services in renowned Brazilian institutions. The answer categories were based on a structuring content analysis of the REF impact case studies, which we carried out as a prestudy in spring 2019. Until the 1970s there was no doubt among policymakers that public investment in research would have a positive societal impact. The REF evaluates societal impact via case studies, which are narratives that describe how research conducted at a higher education institution created a wider societal benefit. Notifications 5. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. Researchers at applied universities agree that societal relevance should have more weight in evaluation more often than those at independent institutes and universitiesthe approval rates are 62%, 49%, and 53% respectively. In general, research in this area has shifted away from viewing society as an inactive recipient of knowledgefor example, in the so-called deficit model of science communication [34]and towards envisaging more complex and interactive forms of knowledge creation and dissemination [3, 3537]. Our analysis is based on an empirical survey among 499 researchers in Germany conducted from April to June 2020. Something about me. In studying Environmental Science and Society, learners develop their investigative, analytical and communication skills, and apply these to their understanding of environmental issues in order to engage in public debate, solve problems and make evidence-based decisions about contemporary environmental issues in . Uploaded on Nov 06, 2019 Susan R Pinckney + Follow technology We used a 5-point Likert scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree) to elicit agreement or disagreement with a statement. Decisions are rout Description: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON SCIENCE, CULTURE AND SOCIETY Lotfi A. Zadeh Computer Science Division Department of EECS UC Berkeley University of Bremen - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 788 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 51 Provided by: cindyInfo Category: Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. In this article, we address this question from the perspective of researchers, that is, we ask what their views on societal impact are, what their goals are, and what formats they use to achieve them. Building peace in the minds of men and women. Applied researchers are more in favor of societal relevance being given greater consideration in evaluations than basic researchers (see Fig 2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254006.g002. In particular, we were interested in researchers perspectives on a) societal engagement as a part of scientific activity, b) whether societal impact should be considered more in research evaluation, c) the performance of institutional communication departments in reaching relevant societal stakeholders, and d) the importance of knowledge transfer at the institutions. The challenges of measuring and assessing impacts are well known in the prior literature on evaluations of societal impact. Both male and female researchers regard public engagement as part of scientific activity (89% and 90%). For example, many associations for the social sciences and humanities in Germany expressed concern that the BMBF initiative does not take into account the current state of science communication research [24]. Only 27% of respondents think that knowledge transfer plays an important role at their institution and that their communication department is reaching relevant stakeholders in society. Our analysis is based on a survey among 499 researchers in Germany conducted from April to June 2020. 0000002873 00000 n There are, however, some interesting differences in usage: Humanities scholars particularly tend to communicate their research via social media. Researchers from independent institutes should in theory be able to devote more resources to transfer activities than researchers at universities and applied universities, as this latter group has teaching obligations. 0000001096 00000 n Societal impact, and hence what academic research offers the economy, society, culture, public administration, health, environment and overall quality of life, is gaining in importance in science governance [2, 5, 6]. The Role of Science in Society In broad terms, there are two possible goals for engaging the policy process and two primary strategies for achieving those goals. To answer the research questions, we conducted a survey from April to June 2020 among 499 scientists in Germany. ; 6 itemsRQ3). Note that university researchers report remarkably low usage of any communication format compared to researchers at applied universities or at independent institutes. Yes 53% agree that societal impact should be given more weight in research evaluations. Science must respond to societal needs and global challenges. Developing students capacities and 0000019539 00000 n In addition, there are two further points of criticism concerning the concept of societal impact: On the one hand, critics point to the inadequate representation of the complexity of science, for example, because impact logics of the natural sciences are used as a yardstick for evaluations [6, 57]. Chairperson of UCC Science Society for 2020/21, coordinating the running of over 30 academic events from industry leaders, managing large institutional budgets and managing and motivating a team through the COVID-19 remote environment. It is noteworthy that researchers (especially at universities) do not think that knowledge transfer plays an important role at their institution and that institutional communication departments are reaching relevant societal stakeholders. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. <br . through formative evaluations [88]. In scientometrics and the wider field of evaluation research, the shift towards societal impact as an assessment paradigm in science governance has been accompanied by critical reflections. For instance, the Leibniz Association, a union of 96 nonuniversity research institutes, adopted a new mission statement for the transfer of scientific knowledge to society, the economy, and politics in 2019 [20]. Methodology, When it comes to researchers dealings with the public, scholars have focused on a) the relationship between science and specific publicsfor instance, the media [41, 42] or politics [41], b) the relationship between science and the broader public [41, 4345] or c) the communication practices of single disciplines [46, 47]. e0254006. Science and technology has led to the construction of good and reliable roads, rails and bridges which has made transportation easier and comfortable. Fig 3 provides an overview of the societal goals the respondents could choose from by disciplinary group. The notion of societal impact as an (effect of) dialog is useful in the context of this study, because it allows us to move from pure utilization and reception research to examining the anticipated societal impact of researchers. Again, we used our coding of the REF use cases as a framework and took a close look at educational offerings, consulting, events, PR, social media, and collaborations. 0000128395 00000 n Few fields are expanding as much as nursing these days. Independent institutes are characteristic of the German research system. 77 slides Science, Technology, & Society in the 20th century Sushmita Mae Leones 26.8k views 47 slides Introduction to Science, Technology and Society Christian Nel Dominguez 2.4k views 33 slides Science and technology a Shirley Valera 112.2k views 46 slides Science Technology and society Manvi Yadav 29.4k views 12 slides Social scientists are most experienced when it comes to advisory formats. There are noteworthy differences among academic status groups: 60% of doctoral researchers but only 42% of postdocs and 47% of professors in our sample agree that societal relevance should have more weight in evaluation. They have been there for decades, we just didn't know it since our analytical capabilities were limited to the parts per billion level (ppb), a thousand times larger than parts per trillion (ppt). SlideTeam has published a . Regarding these institutional conditions, scholars have observed a certain decoupling of central communication infrastructures at institutions and the researchers working there [38, 39]. 0000056585 00000 n As far as the formats used for societal outreach are concerned, the most commonly used ones are events (used by 65% of the respondents), followed by public relations via media (45%), and educational formats for schools and civil society groups (43%). Our results add to the ongoing scholarly discourse on societal impact. Uploaded by vedika . No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254006, https://www.wihoforschung.de/de/impaqt-2631.php, https://www.impactdistillery.com/2020-impact-survey/, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2091-0_2, https://dataportal.arc.gov.au/ERA/NationalReport/2018/, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7028-7_4, https://www.vsnu.nl/files/documenten/Domeinen/Onderzoek/SEP2015-2021.pdf, http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-12-790_en.htm, https://www.leopoldina.org/fileadmin/redaktion/Publikationen/Allianz/201806_Stellungnahme_9FRP_der_Allianz.pdf, https://www.bmbf.de/de/karliczek-wissenschaftskommunikation-staerker-in-der-wissenschaft-verankern-12620.html, https://www.wissenschaftsrat.de/download/archiv/pm_2816.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2, https://www.hrk.de/positionen/beschluss/detail/transfer-und-kooperation-als-aufgaben-der-hochschulen, https://www.dgpuk.de/sites/default/files/Stellungnahme_WissKomm_DGPuK_DGS_2020_20200821.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12898-2, https://royalsociety.org/~/media/Royal_Society_Content/policy/publications/2006/1111111395.pdf, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-010-9383-6, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01048-5_2, http://www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/1089, https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_im_profil/gremien/fachkollegien/amtsperiode_2016_2019/fachsystematik_20162019_de_grafik.pdf, https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Gesellschaft-Umwelt/Bildung-Forschung-Kultur/Hochschulen/Publikationen/Downloads-Hochschulen/personal-hochschulen-2110440187004.html. Science, technology and innovation must drive our pursuit of more equitable and sustainable development. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. For RQ1 (opinions on science communication), we asked respondents about evaluations because these would have practical implications for their working lives. Later, entire lines of (communication) research addressed how the public deals with science, for example, the public understanding or awareness of science (PUS, PAwS), scientific literacy, or more recently the public engagement with science and technology (PEST) and the science of science communication [3033]. Importance of Data Science. 0000056508 00000 n The outbreak is a major destabilizing threat to the global economy. Drawing from the wider field of evaluation research, we examine how academic researchers anticipate the broader societal impact of their research. In many some cases the impact of engineering products has been both positive and negative, as in the case of the . Yes it is good to have more impact), we can still draw some practical conclusions: First, considering the discontent with institutional communication departments, it might be worthwhile to implement decentralized support structures on the mesolevel of research organizations. Therefore, we conducted an exploratory analysis and focused on descriptive methods. Worked for academia, consultancy firm and the private sector. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Yet, there is a lack of comparable empirical evidence on one particularly decisive group of actors in the dialogical rationale, that is, academic researchers. They are typically independent of universities and focus on specific fields of research; scientists at these institutions are not obliged to teach. If societal impact is to be a new paradigm of science governance, it is important to better understand how societal impact emerges. 0000004759 00000 n 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) One concerns the impacts that culture has on science and technology, while the other concerns the influences of science and technology on culture. The German Council of Sciences and Humanities, an advisory body to the German federal government, called for more recognition for knowledge and technology transfer [18]. Regarding the societal goals that researchers associate with their work, it is noteworthy that contributing to education is by far the most important goal (picked by 69% of the respondents) across all groups, followed by stimulating public discourse (55%) and contributing to informed political decision-making (37%). To face sustainable development challenges, governments and citizens alike must understand the language of science and must become scientifically literate. 0000056395 00000 n Impact of science on Man Science is a system of acquiring knowledge based on scientific method and research. Yes UNESCO applies a zero tolerance policy against all forms of harassment, Advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities ICCAR, Education for Sustainable Development Network, UNEVOC - International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training, IIEP - International Institute for Educational Planning, ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics, IICBA - International Institute for Capacity-Building in Africa, IITE - Institute for Information Technologies in Education, IESALC - International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean, MGIEP - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development, UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger, Innovation in genetic technologies rewarded by UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea International Prize for Research in Life Sciences, All-girl team from the Philippines wins Sustainable Engineering Hackathon on UNESCOs World Engineering Day, World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development, From commitments to action for nature: UNESCO at the UN Environment Assembly, UNESCO member states adopt the first ever global agreement on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, Dr Geraldin Lengai, L'Oral-UNESCO For Women in Science awardee 2022, UNESCO and Cuba work together to protect the country's coastal Biosphere Reserves, UNESCO launches from Mexico a new project for the conservation and restoration of mangroves in Latin America and the Caribbean, Indigenous peoples bring solutions to global water conference. Regarding researchers opinions, it is remarkable that the majority of researchers (89%) consider societal engagement to be part of scientific activity. The problems of keeping everyone fed, clothed, and in reasonable health, and of protecting the country from foreign invasion cannot be solved without science. My scientific work included a large number of studies on the history of art, history, and theory of culture in modern society, which required initiative, motivation, and a diverse set of skills, such as . The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has impacted every segment of life like commercial establishment, education, economy, religion, transport, tourism, employment, entertainment, food security, sports, etc. Following the advent of molecular biology came the technologies and their applications. This might be explained by the fact that university researchers have teaching obligations not faced by those at independent institutes and thus less time for engagement activities. Faster communication speed - In the past, it took a long time for any news or messages to be send. (2) Distribution of the disciplinary groups across the prevailing institutional types. In this article, we introduce two technologies. Work Humanities scholars (15%) and university researchers (15%) particularly doubt that their communication departments are reaching relevant societal stakeholders. The distinction between different types of research organizations (i.e., universities, applied universities, independent institutes) is important for this study. Impact of Technology on Society 1. 0000005903 00000 n Also in 2020, the Alliance of Science Organizations issued an agreement containing four fields of action; this highlighted, among other things, scientific freedom and the need to anticipate disciplinary differences. Building on the discourse in evaluation research, we refer to broader societal impact, i.e., the benefits that research holds for the economy, individual wellbeing, the environment, and culture [2, 14]. Science and Society Canada Foundation for Innovation - October 24, 2006 Many neuroscience issues abut against human values The nature of the mind Mind-body-soul concepts Free will vs. determinism The ability for anyone to look into your brain and watch your mind in action Darkest secret thoughts How to relate to brain disordered Two scholarly discourses are particularly relevant for the subject of this study: 1) the discourse in communication and science and technology studies (STS) on the relationship between science and society and 2) the discourse on societal impact measurement in scientometrics and evaluation research. The impact of technology on society is deep. I am candidate of science (Ph.D) of cultural studies. Social science researcher with experience in fisheries/aquaculture, agriculture and mobile connectivity. Before the first large-scale impact agendas were implemented, scholars in STS critically examined the nature and role of science in society, drawing on novel concepts of academic knowledge creation such as Mode 2 [25, 26], academic capitalism [27], post-normal science [28] or Triple Helix [29]. (1) To what extent do researchers from the three disciplinary groups (natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities) consider their work as basic or applied research? Equal proportions of respondents37% eachregard contributing to informed political decision-making and to the physical and mental wellbeing of the population as a societal goal associated with their work. These institutes are typically organized within the Max Planck Society, the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres, the Fraunhofer Society, and the Leibniz Association. Yes 10.the industrial revolution,its effect on growth of town planning from the 1 Internal and external_security_threats_to_pakistan, Th Lab Presentation Group 3 [Autosaved] [Autosaved].pptx, Doodle Astronomy Lesson XL by Slidesgo.pptx. We also contacted the German Research Associations (DFG) graduate schools. This means that learners don't have to stick to the traditional learning and teaching process. It should be noted that science is part of society and both the sciences and their publics have differing ideas about robustness and usefulness [32]. The topics covered are also suitable for GCSE ICT exams. Special interests in Project Management, Consulting, and Sustainability. The SEP is used by research institutions to evaluate research units and focuses strongly on relevance for society as well as research quality [10, 11]. In addition, we suggest that national innovation systems should be studied comparatively in order to understand the impact of policies and to study more closely the relationship between transfer practices and societal impact in specific disciplines. 0000031386 00000 n In recent years, new approaches have been developed that specifically address the SSH [6, 61, 62]. Is the Subject Area "Scientists" applicable to this article? Researchers from applied universities are especially likely to have used advisory and collaboration formats. Cinema films can do a lot to eradicate these evils. trailer <<2DEAD8E3B02D447FAF7FA0708E4F5675>]/Prev 581404>> startxref 0 %%EOF 87 0 obj <>stream Applied universities are Germany-specific tertiary education and research institutions. Vice versa, it makes sense to examine how evaluation policies for societal impact might affect researchers communication behavior. 0000003566 00000 n 8, 16. The original question text was How strongly do the following statements apply to you?. We combined the approving answer categories to calculate the approval rates. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. (3) Distribution of the researchers sex across age groups. Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany, We would like to thank Natalya Sokolovska, Sascha Schnig, and Elias Koch for their help in coding the REF impact case studies. PowerPoint: Aquatic Biomes & Species Diversity. Although these concepts differ in their objectives, they generally assume a form of scientific value creation that is no longer self-sufficient and is increasingly interwoven with society. However, some evaluation exercises have broadened their scope to include the wider benefits to society [2]. PLoS ONE 16(7): We show that most researchers regard societal engagement as part of their job and are generally in favor of impact evaluation. Conceptualization, Alexander von Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society, Berlin, Germany, The most recent decades there have been great innovations in varied components of mechanical development which has changed the culture. Such experiments are harmful to human beings since they may have negative effects on the growth and development of people under study. 0000068741 00000 n The responses are differentiated by how much the researchers consider their work to be basic or applied research and the three disciplinary groups. the system by which a society provides its members with those things needed or desired . (4) Distribution of disciplinary groups for male and female researchers. 0000003342 00000 n In contrast, researchers from independent institutes are most the policy-oriented ones: 54% of the researchers from independent institutes aim to contribute to political decision-making (31% at universities and 37% at applied universities). This confirms the descriptive observations: Humanities scholars (p = 0.01) and social scientists (p<0.01) are significantly more likely to agree that societal relevance should be part of research evaluation compared to natural scientists. In the last decade, however, policymakers have begun to focus more on the societal impact of research and hence on what academic research offers for the economy, society, culture, public administration, health, environment, and overall quality of life [2, 5, 6]. Basic researchers do not use advisory formats (14% vs. 47%) or collaborations (17% vs 39%) anything as often as applied researchers. Science and technology has made possible for the production of cars, aircrafts, ships, boats, etc that has made the transportation of people and good easy and convenient. 0000001599 00000 n impact of science on society. Younger researchers use social media to communicate about their research more than older researchers, and male researchers particularly tend to use advisory formats. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Martin, for example, asked pointedly whether the creation of the REF would create a Frankenstein monster, because the costs of conducting the evaluation might outweigh the benefits [8]. H\n0yCh\$VP0(o? Toward Gender-responsive and Technology A Braided River: the universe of Indian Management of Social Transformations (MOST) Programme, Broadening the Application of the Sustainability Science Approach, Protection of human rights : Procedure 104. Others have argued that evaluations of societal impact are prone to methodological shortcomings [23, 54] and might have unintended behavioral effects [55, 56]. A steam turbine with the case opened, an example of energy technology. In others the impact has been negative, as in the case of bombs with ever-increasing destructive power. Besides these developments at the level of science governance in Germany, there are a multitude of institutional initiatives and strategy developments underway. We further provide initial evidence on potentially relevant research perspectives. Investigation, 2 hours ago. In contrast, impact assessments have been described as failing to do justice to transfer activities in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) [5860]. Search. Here, we report on the largest section (C: knowledge transfer), which covers our three RQs, and use questions from sections A, B, and F for the explanatory analysis. Furthermore, female researchers (controlled for discipline), applied researchers, and younger researchers are significantly more in favor of including societal relevance in research evaluation. However, the safety impact of different types of bus stops on vulnerable road users has received limited attention. From this, we conclude that societal goals are best explained by the disciplinary backgrounds of researchers. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. We differentiated between three dimensions of explanatory variables: By looking at these dimensions, we aimed to understand how these factors might influence the interaction between scientific and nonscientific actors in terms of the opinions researchers hold, the societal goals they pursue, and the formats they use to communicate about their research.