List and Index of Presidential Executive Orders (Unnumbered Series, 1789 1941). One of Obama's most controversial executive orders would have spared an estimated 5 million immigrants living in the United States illegally from deportation, but the order was blocked by the U.S. Supreme Court. How will access to health insurance for Americans with underlying health conditions be maintained if the Supreme Court invalidates the Affordable Care Act? This page provides a list of the executive orders, presidential memoranda, and proclamations issued by Biden in reverse chronological order. Biden's executive order is intended to try to mitigate some potential penalties women seeking abortion may face after the ruling, but it's limited in its ability to safeguard access to abortion. Article 2 of the Constitution states that the executive order willl be with the American President and Sections 2 and 3 of the same article describes the various duties and powers of the president. President . And with employer-based healthcare, people who have preexisting conditions who lost their job could be at risk for being unable to get new insurance coverage if the ACA is overturned. Courts can declare an executive order illegal or unconstitutional. }. His most controversial directive came in response to the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941 when hesigned Executive Order 9066, creating detention centers for hundreds of thousands of Japanese Americans who were rounded up en masse and relocated to camps for the duration of World War II. In order to guarantee protection for people with preexisting conditions to have insurance coverage, there needs to be a law not just an executive action. That said, Trump has been energetic in his use of executive order compared to previous presidents. President Joe Biden took executive action Friday to protect access to abortion after the Supreme Court ended a constitutional right to the procedure last month. If you switch jobs, your new employer-based health insurance has to cover you if you havent been without coverage for more than 63 days. Jahrhundert), Krankheitsbild in Gynkologie und Geburtshilfe, Liste (musikalische Werke nach Interpret), Liste (Verwaltungseinheiten in Deutschland), Militrische Einrichtung der Vereinigten Staaten im Ausland, Rechtsgeschichte (Franzsische Revolution), Schwimm- und Sprunghalle im Europasportpark, Schwimmwettbewerb bei den Olympischen Sommerspielen 2020, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift (Deutschland). The following chart shows the number of executive orders and average executive orders per year issued by each president of the United States from 1789 to 2023. The table below is modified and updated from time to time. A good number of people who didnt have coverage before have coverage, says Fagbuyi.The Kaiser Family Foundation found that about 52 million people had a preexisting health condition that could have prevented them from purchasing individual health insurance if the ACA had not been passed. Current averages through February 20, 2023. A bill becomes law if signed by the President or if not . Numbering of Executive Orders began in 1907 by the Department of State, which assigned numbers to all the orders in their files, dating from 1862 (Lord 1944, viii). The Office of Management and Budget is also not required to issue a budgetary impact statement on the subject of the memoranda. Khan Academy is a nonprofit organization with the mission of providing a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. - 3 of the 13 had nothing to do with Executive Orders. Can a bill become law without the president's signature? } juneteenth golf tournament san diego; statue of hazrat abbas in albania. Before it was passed many people with preexisting conditions had difficulty purchasing individual health insurance. We offer quizzes, questions, instructional videos, and articles on a range of academic subjects, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, history, economics, finance, grammar, preschool learning, and more. Hope this article on the topic How Many Executive Orders Have Been Overturned is useful to you. Ed. For further illustrations of the problems involved in simply counting documents, see another Analysis looking at presidential use of discretion in the first two years of elected presidents starting with Nixon. John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters. Decades ago, such documents were commonly titled Letters.. Following the Trumps administration announcement, many health experts expressed criticism and claimed the executive order lacks substance and will likely have little impact. Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, "Executive Orders." Currently, these commonly are called Memorandums but can have many titles. Added 22 days ago|1/18/2023 9:58:54 AM If a presidential order needs to be overturned because it is 'adjudicated lawful,' consultation is carried out with relevant lawmakers. Eagles Wide Receiver Zach Pascal Robbed at Gunpoint in Maryland, College Park Mayor Arrested on 56 Counts of Possession, Distribution of Child Pornography, Watch News4: Live and Replays on NBC4 App, Peacock, Roku, Samsung TV Plus & Xumo Play, Amazon Pausing Construction on HQ2 in Crystal City, Virginia. Last week, President Trump signed an executive order that claims to help protect Americans with preexisting conditions like cancer, asthma, or diabetes. President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation executive order freed slaves in the South in 1863 and both Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson used executive orders to bar racial discrimination in federal housing, hiring and contracting. If you find the article How Many Executive Orders Have Been Overturned helpful to you, please support the team Like or Share! Franklin D. Roosevelt holds the record for most executive orders in presidential history, with 3,721, while John Adams, James Madison and James Monroe are tied for least, with one each. Ultimately, Congress is going to have to act to codify Roe into federal law, Biden said. Executive orders are different from laws because most of them affect people in government and not the general populace, but laws can affect the general public. If President Trump is truly committed to protecting Americans with preexisting conditions to have access to health insurance coverage, then he could have used an executive order to prevent the Department of Justice from trying to get rid of the Affordable Care Act, Sklar said.Health experts dont expect the executive order to result in many large-scale changes.This executive order, while stating that it is national policy to protect insurance coverage for individuals with preexisting conditions, does nothing to substantively protect that coverage, says Piatt.While lengthy, theres not much to the executive order in terms of substance. width: 100% !important; 1943. President Hoover attempted to bring further order and regularity to the processing and documenting of Executive orders (ibid). Health experts dont expect the executive order to result in many large-scale changes.Additionally, the Trump administration is trying to overturn the Affordable Care Act, which requires insurance companies to provide coverage to people with preexisting conditions. How executive orders have been used by presidents to expand their powers beyond those explicitly listed in Article II of the US Constitution. Executive orders | US government and civics | Khan Academy. White House press secretary Jen Psaki defended President Joe Biden for issuing over two dozen executive orders since being sworn in as president, saying, [Biden ran] on a commitment to take steps immediately to address the pain and suffering the American people were feeling., Copyright 2023 NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Obama issued 277 executive orders in his eight years in office, an average of 35 per year . They are numbered, published in the Federal Register, and cite the authority by which the president is making the order. Executive Order on Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Federal Regulation Jan. 20, 2021 : 13892; Promoting the Rule of Law Through Transparency and Fairness in Civil Administrative Enforcement and Adjudication ; Oct. 9, 2019 : No ; Required agencies engaged in civil administrative enforcement actions to provide prior public notice . Executive orders are vulnerable to political change. To guarantee protection, a law needs to be in place. Ballotpedia features 395,557 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. President Joe Biden has signed an average of 63 executive orders per year, more than Barack Obama and Donald Trump, but in line with the average among his 13 predecessors. The ACA already protects people with preexisting conditions. Each succeeding president has scored worse than that, bottoming out with. Here's what to know about executive orders, their limitations, which president signed the most and how recent commanders in chief rank in comparison: Executive orders are official directives by the President of the United States that manages operations of the federal government and do not require approval from Congress. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 15 million people around the globe learn on Khan Academy every month. President Joe Biden signs an executive order on climate change in the State Dining Room of the White House, Jan. 27, 2021. junio 12, 2022. keyboard shortcut to check a checkbox in word . In Biden's first week in office, he overturned several executive orders that former President Donald Trump had signed on a broad range of issues, from climate change to immigration and racial equity. If the ACA is overturned without another law in place, there will be little in place to protect those with preexisting conditions. During this public health crisis, we need health and public health security, says Fagbuyi. View more lessons or practice this subject at https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-us-government-and-politics/interactions-among-branches-of-government/roles-and-powers-of-the-president/v/executive-orders-1?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc&utm_campaign=usgovernmentandcivics. Trump's Executive Orders are flaccid little press releases that have no power over Congress, Courts, Twitter, Citizens, Voters, States or the weather. We already have a law protecting people with preexisting conditions: the ACA.Currently, the Trump Administration is suing to overturn the law in the Supreme Court. Here's the Full List of Donald Trump's Executive Orders. But: - 9 of the 13 actually began under the administration of George W. Bush, although the subsequent Justice Department handled the appellate process for those cases. While Biden acknowledges that executive action is a pale substitute for legislative action, he defended his heavy use of them at the start of the administration as a necessary stopgap to address the worst public health crisis in more than a century and reverse some of Trumps policies. They are numbered, published in the Federal Register, and cite the authority by which the president is making the order. Future presidents can also undo them by amending or rescinding an order from a previous president. how many executive orders have been overturned. Raises the minimum wage of federal contract workers to $15 an hour in early 2022, up from the current $10.95. Donate here: https://www.khanacademy.org/donate?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc, Volunteer here: https://www.khanacademy.org/contribute?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=desc. This table includes our own original tallies for the first FDR term based on Lord (1943, 1944). Evidence has shown that people with preexisting conditions may be 12 times more likely to die from COVID-19 than health people. But if you do not have employer-based coverage, without the ACA it may be impossible to get coverage. The exception is William Henry Harrison, who died of pneumonia after serving just one month in office. Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch @media only screen and (max-width: 400px){ Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. Executive Order 13771 of January 30, 2017 (Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs), Executive Order 13777 of February 24, 2017 (Enforcing the Regulatory Reform Agenda), . 1945 (Truman) & 1967 (Johnson) data includes only numbered executive orders including those with letter designations (ex. On Thursday, Biden signed executive orders on health care . Eliminates the tipped minimum . Executive Order 12866 has been a particular matter of controversy; it requires cost-benefit analysis for certain regulatory actions. Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Donald Trump each. In addition to the numbered executive orders, there are many unnumbered orders (see Lord 1943). colonel sanders mississauga hospital; boxing popularity by year; pop n' taco net worth This executive order does not do this and if that is President Trumps commitment, then how will he ensure this?Last week, President Trump signed an executive order to help protect Americans with preexisting conditions like asthma or diabetes. Today virtually all numbered Executive Orders are published. Approximately 13,200 president executive orders have been overturned in our nations history. Executive orders are directives written by the president to officials within the executive branch requiring them to take or stop some action related to policy or management. See Biden's first 100 days of executive actions below. In this table we present the total number of Executive Orders issued by presidential term (not calendar year). Tech: Matt Latourelle Nathan Bingham Ryan Burch Kirsten Corrao Beth Dellea Travis Eden Tate Kamish Margaret Kearney Eric Lotto Joseph Sanchez. Analysis looking at presidential use of discretion in the first two years of elected presidents starting with Nixon. Obama's detractors will say that he had 13 overturned. 1789 - 1945 (Roosevelt) data from Lyn Ragsdale, "Vital Statisitcs on the Presidency: Washington to Clinton." Prepared by the Historical Records Survey, New York City. Even if they were able to obtain coverage they often had to pay far higher premiums. Historical use of executive orders, 1789-2023, Average number of executive orders issued each year by president, 1921-2023, Confirmation process for Cabinet nominees, Executive Order on Further Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through The Federal Government, Executive Order on Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay, Executive Order on Establishing the Presidents Advisory Council on African Diaspora Engagement in the United States, Executive Order on Taking Additional Steps to Address the National Emergency With Respect to the Situation in Nicaragua, Executive Order on Lowering Prescription Drug Costs for Americans, Executive Order On Enhancing Safeguards For United States Signals Intelligence Activities, Executive Order on Expanding Eligibility For Certain Military Decorations And Awards, Executive Order on Promoting the Arts, the Humanities, and Museum and Library Services, Executive Order on Ensuring Robust Consideration of Evolving National Security Risks by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States, Executive Order on the Implementation of the Energy and Infrastructure Provisions of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, Executive Order on Advancing Biotechnology and Biomanufacturing Innovation for a Sustainable, Safe, and Secure American Bioeconomy, Executive Order on the Implementation of the CHIPS Act of 2022, Executive Order on Securing Access to Reproductive and Other Healthcare Services, Executive Order on Bolstering Efforts to Bring Hostages and Wrongfully Detained United States Nationals Home, Executive Order on Establishing an Emergency Board to Investigate Disputes Between Certain Railroads Represented by the National Carriers Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and Their Employees Represented by Certain Labor Organizations, Executive Order on Protecting Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services, Executive Order on Advancing Equality for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Individuals, Executive Order on Advancing Effective, Accountable Policing and Criminal Justice Practices to Enhance Public Trust and Public Safety, Executive Order on Enhancing the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee, Executive Order on Strengthening the Nations Forests, Communities, and Local Economies, Prohibiting New Investment in and Certain Services to the Russian Federation in Response to Continued Russian Federation Aggression, Executive Order on Continuing to Strengthen Americans Access to Affordable, Quality Health Coverage, Executive Order on Advancing Economy, Efficiency, and Effectiveness in Federal Contracting by Promoting Pay Equity and Transparency, Executive Order on Prohibiting Certain Imports, Exports, and New Investment with Respect to Continued Russian Federation Aggression, Executive Order on Ensuring Responsible Development of Digital Assets, Executive Order on Prohibiting Certain Imports and New Investments With Respect to Continued Russian Federation Efforts to Undermine the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine, Executive Order on Blocking Property of Certain Persons and Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect to Continued Russian Efforts to Undermine the Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity of Ukraine, Executive Order on Protecting Certain Property of Da Afghanistan Bank for the Benefit of the People of Afghanistan, Executive Order on Use of Project Labor Agreements For Federal Construction Projects, Executive Order on 2022 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, Executive Order on Establishing the United States Council on Transnational Organized Crime, Executive Order on Imposing Sanctions on Foreign Persons Involved in the Global Illicit Drug Trade, Executive Order on Transforming Federal Customer Experience and Service Delivery to Rebuild Trust in Government, Executive Order on Catalyzing Clean Energy Industries and Jobs Through Federal Sustainability, Executive Order on the National Space Council, Executive Order on Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Service Contracts, Executive Order on the Termination of Emergency With Respect To the Situation in Burundi, Executive Order on Implementation of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, Executive Order on Improving Public Safety and Criminal Justice for Native Americans and Addressing the Crisis of Missing or Murdered Indigenous People, Executive Order on the Designation to Exercise Authority Over the National Defense Stockpile, Executive Order on White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Black Americans, Executive Order on the White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Native Americans and Strengthening Tribal Colleges and Universities, Executive Order on Continuance or Reestablishment of Certain Federal Advisory Committees and Amendments to Other Executive Orders, Executive Order on Adding Measles to the List of Quarantinable Communicable Diseases, Executive Order on Imposing Sanctions on Certain Persons With Respect to the Humanitarian and Human Rights Crisis in Ethiopia, Executive Order on Amending Executive Order 14007, Executive Order on White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity for Hispanics, Executive Order on Ensuring Adequate COVID Safety Protocols for Federal Contractors, Executive Order on Requiring Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination for Federal Employees, Executive Order on Declassification Review of Certain Documents Concerning the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001, Executive Order on White House Initiative on Advancing Educational Equity, Excellence, and Economic Opportunity through Historically Black Colleges and Universities, Executive Order on Blocking Property with Respect to Certain Russian Energy Export Pipelines, Executive Order on Blocking Property of Additional Persons Contributing to the Situation in Belarus, Executive Order on Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks, Executive Order on Promoting Competition in the American Economy, Executive Order on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Accessibility in the Federal Workforce, Executive Order on Protecting Americans Sensitive Data from Foreign Adversaries, Executive Order on Blocking Property And Suspending Entry Into The United States Of Certain Persons Contributing To The Destabilizing Situation In The Western Balkans, Executive Order on Addressing the Threat from Securities Investments that Finance Certain Companies of the Peoples Republic of China, Executive Order on Advancing Equity, Justice, and Opportunity for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders, Executive Order on Climate-Related Financial Risk, Executive Order on the Revocation of Certain Presidential Actions and Technical Amendment, Executive Order on Improving the Nations Cybersecurity, Executive Order on the Establishment of the Climate Change Support Office, Executive Order on Increasing the Minimum Wage for Federal Contractors, Executive Order on Worker Organizing and Empowerment, Executive Order on Blocking Property with Respect to Specified Harmful Foreign Activities of the Government of the Russian Federation, Executive Order on the Establishment of the Presidential Commission on the Supreme Court of the United States, Executive Order on the Termination of Emergency With Respect to the International Criminal Court, Executive Order on Establishment of the White House Gender Policy Council, Executive Order on Guaranteeing an Educational Environment Free from Discrimination on the Basis of Sex, Including Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity, Executive Order on Promoting Access to Voting, Executive Order on the Revocation of Certain Presidential Actions, Executive Order on Americas Supply Chains, Executive Order on the Revocation of Executive Order 13801, Executive Order on the Establishment of the White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, Executive Order on Blocking Property with Respect to the Situation in Burma, Executive Order on Rebuilding and Enhancing Programs to Resettle Refugees and Planning for the Impact of Climate Change on Migration, Executive Order on the Establishment of Interagency Task Force on the Reunification of Families, Executive Order on Creating a Comprehensive Regional Framework to Address the Causes of Migration, to Manage Migration Throughout North and Central America, and to Provide Safe and Orderly Processing of Asylum Seekers at the United States Border, Executive Order on Restoring Faith in Our Legal Immigration Systems and Strengthening Integration and Inclusion Efforts for New Americans, Executive Order on Strengthening Medicaid and the Affordable Care Act, Executive Order on the Presidents Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, Executive Order on Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad, Executive Order on Reforming Our Incarceration System to Eliminate the Use of Privately Operated Criminal Detention Facilities, Executive Order on Ensuring the Future Is Made in All of America by All of Americas Workers, Executive Order on Enabling All Qualified Americans to Serve Their Country in Uniform, Executive Order on Protecting the Federal Workforce, Executive Order on Economic Relief Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Executive Order on Establishing the COVID-19 Pandemic Testing Board and Ensuring a Sustainable Public Health Workforce for COVID-19 and Other Biological Threats, Executive Order on Protecting Worker Health and Safety, Executive Order on Supporting the Reopening and Continuing Operation of Schools and Early Childhood Education Providers, Executive Order on Ensuring an Equitable Pandemic Response and Recovery, Executive Order on a Sustainable Public Health Supply Chain, Executive Order on Ensuring a Data-Driven Response to COVID-19 and Future High-Consequence Public Health Threat, Executive Order on Improving and Expanding Access to Care and Treatments for COVID-19, Executive Order on Promoting COVID-19 Safety in Domestic and International Travel, Executive Order on Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel, Executive Order on Preventing and Combating Discrimination on the Basis of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation, Executive Order on Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis, Executive Order on Ensuring a Lawful and Accurate Enumeration and Apportionment Pursuant to the Decennial Census, Executive Order on Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Federal Regulation, Executive Order on the Revision of Civil Immigration Enforcement Policies and Priorities, Executive Order on Organizing and Mobilizing the United States Government to Provide a Unified and Effective Response to Combat COVID-19 and to Provide United States Leadership on Global Health and Security, Executive Order on Protecting the Federal Workforce and Requiring Mask-Wearing, Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government, Memorandum on Presidential Waiver of Statutory Requirements Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Department of Defense Supply Chains Resilience, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under Sections 506(a)(1) and 552(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under Section 506(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on Supporting Access to Leave for Federal Employees, Memorandum on Fourteenth Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 1245(d)(4)(B) and (C) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012, Memorandum on Extending and Expanding Eligibility for Deferred Enforced Departure for Certain Hong Kong Residents, Memorandum on Further Efforts to Protect Access to Reproductive Healthcare Services, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under Section 6501(b)(2) of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022, Memorandum on Certifications Regarding Disclosure of Information in Certain Records Related to the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Memorandum on Uniform Standards for Tribal Consultation, Memorandum on Promoting Accountability for Conflict-Related Sexual Violence, Memorandum on Presidential Determination with Respect to the Efforts of Foreign Governments Regarding Trafficking in Persons, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under Section 506(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on the Presidential Waiver of Statutory Requirements Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under Public Law 117-169, Memorandum on Presidential Determination on Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 2023, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Terminating the Designation of Afghanistan as a Major Non-NATO Ally, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under Section 610 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, Memorandum on Presidential Determination on Major Drug Transit or Major Illicit Drug Producing Countries for Fiscal Year 2023, Delegation of Authority Under Section 506(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under Section 614(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on Presidential Determination on the Proposed Agreement to Extend the Agreement for Cooperation between the United States of America and the Republic of South Africa Concerning Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership Program Act of 2022, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under Sections 102 and 106 of the CHIPS Act of 2022, Memorandum on Continuation of U.S. Drug Interdiction Assistance to the Government of Colombia, Memorandum on Extending and Expanding Eligibility for Deferred Enforced Departure for Liberians, Memorandum on the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment, Memorandum on the Prescription of Method of Designating a Member of the Military Sentencing Parameters and Criteria Board, Memorandum on the Establishment of the White House Task Force to Address Online Harassment and Abuse, Memorandum on Delegation of Authority Under the European Energy Security and Diversification Act of 2019, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Insulation, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Electric Heat Pumps, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Transformers and Electric Power Grid Components, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Solar Photovoltaic Modules and Module Components, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, on Electrolyzers, Fuel Cells, and Platinum Group Metals, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under Sections 1209 and 1236 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015, as Amended, Memorandum on the Designation of Colombia as a Major Non-NATO Ally, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under Section 506(a)(1) and Section 614(a)(1) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under the Defense Production Act to Ensure an Adequate Supply of Infant Formula, Memorandum on Addressing the Long-Term Effects of COVID-19, Memorandum on Finding of a Severe Energy Supply Interruption, Memorandum on Presidential Determination Pursuant to Section 303 of the Defense Production Act of 1950, as amended, Memorandum on the Delegation of Authority Under Section 552(c)(2) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, Memorandum on the Designation of the State of Qatar as a Major Non-NATO Ally, Memorandum on the Finding that a Drawdown and Sale of Petroleum from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve is Required by U.S.
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